Mine shaft design pdf

Tunnels, shaft and development headings blast design introduction tunnels, shafts, and raises are developed for a variety of purposes. The concept of the vertical opening inspection system vois is very simple, and developed naturally from early crude attempts at shaft inspection which essentially involved deploying cameras into vertical shafts via winch. On the surface of an underground mine, a collar is required for a shaft or raise entry. Pdf design of mine shaft elevator semantic scholar. Design and implementation of grouting programs for mine. Mine shaft freezing pdf gsz page 2 of 9 meshing for ground freezing problems is important as phase change is the source of numerical oscillation. Shaft sinking and lining design for a deep potash shaft in squeezing ground. The depth of the shaft is determined intrinsically by the mines and works regulations applicable to factors pf safety of winding ropes and the design of the winding. This study is focused on basic design of mine shaft elevator. Canan ozgen dean, graduate school of natural and applied sciences. Pdf design of lining for a mine shaft and decline using numerical.

Deepest mine shaft in the usa complete cementation. The using of elevators is increasing too and this situation encourages contractors to pay. These pipes, k1 and k2 have been mined from the open pit since 1992. Mine shaft a quilt pattern by kaye prince of miss print etsy. Contrarily, if an ore body is very deep, then there is supposed to be a mine shaft. Design and construction on site of shaft liner segments for the full depth of the shaft but excluding the shaft bottom profile intake section. The using of elevators is increasing too and this situation encourages contractors to pay attention to vertical transport systems in mine industry. Shaft sink department of natural resources, mines and energy. Design, excavation and construction of a reinforced concrete shaft collar. Pdf shaft sinking and lining design for a deep potash shaft. As the design depends on the construction method, it becomes part of the design process. Driefontein gold mine technical short form report driefontein gold mine is a large, wellestablished shallow to ultradeep level gold mine with workings that are accessed through eight shaft systems that mine various gold bearing reefs from open ground and pillars that occur at depths between 600 and 3,300 metres below surface. Designs for coal, gold and diamond open pits are very similar. Mine shaft part 2, mine shaft graphs and answers, more graphs and answers, a final look at graphs and answers, interactive resource 1, mine shaft paths, interactive resource 2, exploring the triangle path and answers, assessment.

Make a headframe building at the top of the shaft and place it over the shaft hole. Aug 29, 2010 for a production shaft, design starts with determining the cross section or plan view of the shaft. Affordable and search from millions of royalty free images, photos and vectors. After discussing design basic of mine shaft elevators and. The production shaft is designed to the minimum dimensions required to contain and guide the shaft conveyances, as well as provide space to place and access the utility lines. Make a cageslip out of string and construction paper. Shaft design objectives compute forces acting on shafts from gears, pulleys, and sprockets. Geoslope international ltd, calgary, alberta, canada. For the design of shafts made of metals with low ductility or fracture toughness, it is customary to apply theoretical stress concentration. July 1984 design of powertransmitting shafts stuart h. In a real mine, the shaft is dug down through solid rock to the drift level and then the drifts are dug horizontally. Deepest mine shaft in the usa complete may 23, 2016 for immediate release mullan, id cementation usa inc.

Because of various causes, for example concrete segregation or poor lining design, a failure of this deep closure structure can occur allowing the filling material to spread into the galleries, resulting in a collapse of the shaft. The design, development and operation of a shaft system is a critically important element in mining, and needs specialised technical input. Structural design considerations for deep mine shafts. The venetia mine project has a twin shaft system, together with a decline, followed by access development to two kimberlite pipes.

In poland, the regulation of ministry for economy is applied 2002, which defines the requirements that the shaft anchored lining has to. Shafts are designed according to their required purpose and depending on the demands set out. Geomechanical monitoring and modeling using utah3 by w. This pdf includes the materials list and full instructions with diagrams for making five different sizes of the mine shaft pattern. Shaft construction metalliferous mines shaft sink engineering and design. Minto mine underground mine development and operations. Criteria for shaft design are described and methods of design developed. Production shaft the production shaft is 1 290 m deep, 7. Design and function design starts with determining the crosssection of the drift, crosscut, ramp or decline. Analytical methods are the deterministic solutions of closed form.

A small building for fans should be made for the top of the ventilation shaft. Heat or cool the ventilation air as necessary to ensure air temperatures at work sites are between 40. A number of shaftsinking operations are described in detail in the series of information circulars on mining methods and costs, to some of which reference will be made later. Design and construction of hydrostatic mine shaft liners using cast iron tubbing technology konopka subterranean mine shaft design design and construction of. The vertical opening inspection system vois provides a solution to this problem, incorporating cameras, laser range. Compare combined stresses to suitable allowable stresses. It is best suited for concentrated minerals such as iron, coal, etc.

Operational infrastructure south deep gold mine operates one gold plant and is accessed from surface through two shaft systems, the twin shaft complex of which the main shaft comprises a singledrop to a depth of 2,995 metres, and the south shaft complex. Experience has shown that the consequences of damage to shaft systems caused by geotechnical factors are serious and costly. Comparison of designs for the dewatering of coal, gold and. Figure 1 depicts a typical access strategy for platinum mine where the initial orebody is exploited by means of an incline or decline shaft system, and later accessed by vertical shafts. Conventional mine shaft sinking methods involve the performance of a cycle of different operationsdrilling and blasting, removal of smoke and cleaning of flyrock lodged on overhead timbers, mucking and hoisting of the broken rock, and timbering. Inclined shafts or inclined drifts many underground mines use an inclined shaft fo r the transport of pe rsons, materials and equipment to and from the underground. The low rainfall and absence of very high yielding aquifers, has meant that the control of mine water inflows were often accommodated in the runof mine design. Figure 1 depicts a typical access strategy for platinum mine where the initial orebody is exploited by means of an incline or decline shaft system, and later accessed by. The technical literature is replete with descriptions of and data on shaft sinking equipment, methods and costs. At midshaft there is a maintenance station to simplify the maintenance of the ropes and conveyances. Shaft sinking and lining design for a deep potash shaft in squeezing ground g. Splitmine ventilation is a minewide ventilation method designed to deliver the bulk of the main mine fans airflow to the last open crosscuts near the active working faces. Poad united states department of the interior bruce babbitt, secretary bureau of mines rhea lydia graham, director.

Because of the importance of shaft pillar design to the mining in the second ri of the series part 2. An inspection and surveying system for vertical shafts. The role of mine cages in a successful mining operation underground mining requires a number of different transportation systems. In most cases such shafts are not easily and safely accessible for surveying and inspection. Historically, mine dewatering design in southern africa has been achieved when water has become a problem during mining. In this unit, you will learn how a mine is developed for production, how a shaft is sunk. After discussing design basic of mine shaft elevators and criticizing advantages and disadvantages of them, mine case study will be illustrated. Determine torque in shafts from gears, pulleys, sprockets, clutches, and couplings. Various design and construction parameters were investigated to deter mine the effect on shaft stability.

In spite of the fact that the dss performance depends to. For the design of shafts made of metals with low ductility or fracture toughness, it is. However, a central location causes losses of mineable ore in safety pillars of shafts and surface facilities at the mine site. An integration of modern technologyboth in application and developmenthas resulted in a shaft system that is intrinsically holistic. Geotechnical design considerations for mine shafts srk.

Using mine shaft graph, complete the first graph for the square bot together. Rectangular shafts were studied in detail to determine the. Modelling and design of a general purpose, vertical shaft. Handbook to best practices for mine shafts protection. Mine planning and design many of tetra techs senior mining engineers have held senior positions in engineering and operations at the worlds largest mines, where they gained insight into the realities of what makes active producing mines. Shafts are also used in civil construction projects. Please see picture three above for the sizes and materials. Matsui encyclopedia of life support systems eolss 2. The latter a may be the last operation of the cycle, b may be carried on during drilling and mucking, provided it is done from a substantial. The palabora underground mining project is a stateoftheart shaft mining system that will prove to be a benchmark in its field for years to come. Abstract the integrated method of grouting of waterbearing rocks work out at pia. Pdf shaft lining design for a potash shaft in rock salts at. Blow joes or similartype recirculating devices do not meet this requirement. As ever more mines turn to shafts to economically exploit deeper reserves, mine owners.

Mine shafts sunk in complex geological conditions e j kipko, j a polozov 349240 pia spetstamponazhgeologia s. Work in shaft 3 during shaft sinking operations, no other work shall be performed in a shaft or winze while a worker is working below, unless a welldesigned and constructed cover is provided to protect the worker from the danger of falling materials. The subject of shaft sinking has been discussed at some length in an earlier bureau of mines bulletin. This listing is for one pdf copy of my original mine shaft a fun and modern quilt pattern. Hoist, small scale mine, design, cost, rope, winder, electric motor 1. A drilled shaft is a deep foundation that is constructed by placing fluid concrete in a drilled hole, typically. But this is not to say that the best way to design a life preserver is in the form of a. To effectively move miners and their equipment, for example, a dependable mine shaft cage is necessary.

The role of mine cages in a successful mining operation. Design of a hoisting system for a small scale mine. This paper describes the key geotechnical parameters required for the design of mine shaft linings which are frequently. Ladders 4 during shaft sinking operations, if a permanent ladder is not installed to the. Sperry mine shaft design and construction management. Stateofart shaft system as applied to palabora underground. For a production shaft, design starts with determining the cross section or plan view of the shaft. Rock mechanics study of shaft stability and pillar mining, homestake mine, lead, sd in three parts. Design methods for the shaft lining and shaft stations can be divided into three main groups, namely. Shaft mining, mining techniques, underground mining. Vertical shaft mining many mines use vertical shafts for narrow veins. In poland, the regulation of ministry for economy is applied 2002, which defines the requirements that the shaft anchored lining has to fulfil in the specified conditions.

A shaft is defined as a vertical or inclined permanent opening that gives access and services various levels of a mine. Shaft lining design for a potash shaft in rock salts at depth. Rock mechanics study of shaft stability and pillar mining. Shaft mining is a form of underground mining where shafts are pushed vertically from top to bottom to excavate the ores and minerals. Usa, the design methodology for shaft lining is based on the mining traditions and experience of those regions. Make a smaller ventilation shaft in your mine by repeating step 6 on the right end of the drift. Newman colorado school of mines august 18, 2008 if you are in a shipwreck and all the boats are gone, a piano topthat comes along makes a fortuitous life preserver. Minto mine qml0001 underground mine development and operations plan june 2014 1 background this underground mine development and operations plan umdop has been prepared to satisfy the requirements of quartz mining icence qml00l01 for the development and mining of the underground at minto mine, owned by minto explorations ltd. May 23, 2016 deepest mine shaft in the usa complete may 23, 2016 for immediate release mullan, id cementation usa inc. For abandoned mine shafts, some problems linked to deterioration of the sealing structure at the shaft head, or movement of backfilling material in the shaft have been observed. A reliable and safe method of shaft monitoring is required. The shaft is equipped with four skips operated in pairs by two 6.

Shaft the shaft has a diameter of 5 metres and a depth of 1,450 metres. A methodology for lining design of circular mine shafts in different rock masses submitted by erdooan guler in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of science in mining engineering department, middle east technical university by, prof. Figure 2 below gives an illustration of the underground excavations required for mining. Find bending moments from gears, pulleys, or sprockets that are transmitting loads to or from other devices. It is also common to find mine shaft opened even decades after mining activity. Design methods for shaft concrete lining and shaft stations in many countries there are certain regulations that standardize the mine design. The design of gold mine dewatering systems in southern africa has been heavily influenced by the history of inrushes. For old mine shafts, galleries may have been closed with remaining items but without particular design. We supply friction hoists as well as drum hoists of various types. The shaft house, or as it is known locally, the quincy no. Section 23tunnel and shaft construction october 2009 235 the tunnel face or shaft bottom during all portions of the excavation cycle.

Pdf shaft lining design for a potash shaft in rock salts. Of the three ventilation methods, splitmine ventilation is the simplest in terms of layout and design, as the mine is split into separate intake and exhaust sides. This entails establishment of the mine design in physical space and measuring. Every mine or mining project is different and the information contained herein may not. Pdf shaft sinking and lining design for a deep potash.